The long range identification and tracking systems has been designated to be the standardized tracking system to be adopted by vessels subject to operating on the sea. The system has been authorized by the International Maritime Organization to collect and disseminate information received from the ships subject to the different compliances and regulations. LRIT provides an enhanced level of marine domain awareness that allows unique visibility to report the accurate positions of the vessels and is being actively incorporated in the military and defense sectors, by helping the defense authorities recognize potential threats through the LRIT platforms, which is imminent for coast surrounded economies, such as the United States and China, among Others.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Vessel Tracking Systems, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Vessel Tracking Systems. This report contains market size and forecasts of Vessel Tracking Systems in global, including the following market information:
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Vessel Tracking Systems market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Long Range Identification & Tracking Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Vessel Tracking Systems include Big Ocean Data, ORBCOMM, SAAB Group, Harris Corporation, Echol Tech Pte Ltd., Garmin International, Wartsila Oyb Abp, CNS Systems AB and Raytheon Company, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Vessel Tracking Systems companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Long Range Identification & Tracking
Automated Identification Systems
Synthetic-Aperture Radar
Others
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Government
Defense
Commercial
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Vessel Tracking Systems revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Vessel Tracking Systems revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Big Ocean Data
ORBCOMM
SAAB Group
Harris Corporation
Echol Tech Pte Ltd.
Garmin International
Wartsila Oyb Abp
CNS Systems AB
Raytheon Company
L-3 Communication Holding
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Vessel Tracking Systems, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Vessel Tracking Systems market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Vessel Tracking Systems company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Vessel Tracking Systems in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Vessel Tracking Systems Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Vessel Tracking Systems Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Vessel Tracking Systems Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Vessel Tracking Systems Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Vessel Tracking Systems Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Vessel Tracking Systems Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Vessel Tracking Systems Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Vessel Tracking Systems Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Vessel Tracking Systems Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Long Range Identification & Tracking
4.1.3 Automated Identification Systems
4.1.4 Synthetic-Aperture Radar
4.1.5 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Government
5.1.3 Defense
5.1.4 Commercial
5.2 By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2029
6.3.2 US Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.3 Canada Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.4 Mexico Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 Germany Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.3 France Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 U.K. Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Italy Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.6 Russia Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.8 Benelux Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 China Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Japan Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 South Korea Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 India Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 Brazil Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.3 Argentina Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 Turkey Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Israel Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.5 UAE Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Vessel Tracking Systems Companies Profiles
7.1 Big Ocean Data
7.1.1 Big Ocean Data Company Summary
7.1.2 Big Ocean Data Business Overview
7.1.3 Big Ocean Data Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Big Ocean Data Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Big Ocean Data Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 ORBCOMM
7.2.1 ORBCOMM Company Summary
7.2.2 ORBCOMM Business Overview
7.2.3 ORBCOMM Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 ORBCOMM Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 ORBCOMM Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 SAAB Group
7.3.1 SAAB Group Company Summary
7.3.2 SAAB Group Business Overview
7.3.3 SAAB Group Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 SAAB Group Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 SAAB Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Harris Corporation
7.4.1 Harris Corporation Company Summary
7.4.2 Harris Corporation Business Overview
7.4.3 Harris Corporation Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Harris Corporation Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Harris Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Echol Tech Pte Ltd.
7.5.1 Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Company Summary
7.5.2 Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Business Overview
7.5.3 Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Garmin International
7.6.1 Garmin International Company Summary
7.6.2 Garmin International Business Overview
7.6.3 Garmin International Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Garmin International Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Garmin International Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Wartsila Oyb Abp
7.7.1 Wartsila Oyb Abp Company Summary
7.7.2 Wartsila Oyb Abp Business Overview
7.7.3 Wartsila Oyb Abp Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Wartsila Oyb Abp Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Wartsila Oyb Abp Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 CNS Systems AB
7.8.1 CNS Systems AB Company Summary
7.8.2 CNS Systems AB Business Overview
7.8.3 CNS Systems AB Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 CNS Systems AB Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 CNS Systems AB Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Raytheon Company
7.9.1 Raytheon Company Company Summary
7.9.2 Raytheon Company Business Overview
7.9.3 Raytheon Company Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Raytheon Company Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Raytheon Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 L-3 Communication Holding
7.10.1 L-3 Communication Holding Company Summary
7.10.2 L-3 Communication Holding Business Overview
7.10.3 L-3 Communication Holding Vessel Tracking Systems Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 L-3 Communication Holding Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 L-3 Communication Holding Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Vessel Tracking Systems Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Vessel Tracking Systems Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Vessel Tracking Systems Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Vessel Tracking Systems in Global Market
Table 5. Top Vessel Tracking Systems Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Vessel Tracking Systems Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Vessel Tracking Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Vessel Tracking Systems Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Application ? Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 15. By Application - Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 17. By Region ? Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 18. By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 20. By Country - North America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 22. By Country - Europe Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Asia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - South America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 30. Big Ocean Data Company Summary
Table 31. Big Ocean Data Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 32. Big Ocean Data Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Big Ocean Data Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. ORBCOMM Company Summary
Table 35. ORBCOMM Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 36. ORBCOMM Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. ORBCOMM Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. SAAB Group Company Summary
Table 39. SAAB Group Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 40. SAAB Group Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. SAAB Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Harris Corporation Company Summary
Table 43. Harris Corporation Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 44. Harris Corporation Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Harris Corporation Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Company Summary
Table 47. Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 48. Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Garmin International Company Summary
Table 51. Garmin International Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 52. Garmin International Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Garmin International Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Wartsila Oyb Abp Company Summary
Table 55. Wartsila Oyb Abp Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 56. Wartsila Oyb Abp Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Wartsila Oyb Abp Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. CNS Systems AB Company Summary
Table 59. CNS Systems AB Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 60. CNS Systems AB Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. CNS Systems AB Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Raytheon Company Company Summary
Table 63. Raytheon Company Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 64. Raytheon Company Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Raytheon Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. L-3 Communication Holding Company Summary
Table 67. L-3 Communication Holding Vessel Tracking Systems Product Offerings
Table 68. L-3 Communication Holding Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. L-3 Communication Holding Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Vessel Tracking Systems Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Vessel Tracking Systems Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Vessel Tracking Systems Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 9. By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 14. By Region - Global Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Country - North America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. US Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 17. Canada Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 18. Mexico Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. Germany Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 21. France Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 22. U.K. Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 23. Italy Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Russia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. Benelux Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. China Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. Japan Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. South Korea Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. India Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. By Country - South America Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 34. Brazil Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. Argentina Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. Turkey Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Israel Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. UAE Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. Big Ocean Data Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. ORBCOMM Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. SAAB Group Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Harris Corporation Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Echol Tech Pte Ltd. Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Garmin International Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Wartsila Oyb Abp Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. CNS Systems AB Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Raytheon Company Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. L-3 Communication Holding Vessel Tracking Systems Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
