The global Disposable Panties market was valued at million in 2024 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of %during the forecast period.
Disposable underwear is the underwear that needs to be discarded after wearing it once. It is super elastic, super soft and comfortable, high-grade fabric, very skin-friendly, close to the body but not tight.
The U.S. market size is estimated at $ million in 2024, while China is to reach $ million.
Size M segment will reach $ million by 2032, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Disposable Panties include Purcotton, Winner, Nudies Essentials, Watson, U by Kotex, Mannings, etc. In 2024, the global top five players had a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We havesurveyed the Disposable Panties manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Disposable Panties, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Disposable Panties. This report contains market size and forecasts of Disposable Panties in global, including the following market information:
Global Disposable Panties market revenue, 2020-2025, 2026-2032, ($ millions)
Global Disposable Panties market sales, 2020-2025, 2026-2032, (K Units)
Global top five Disposable Panties companies in 2024 (%)
Total Market by Segment:
Global Disposable Panties market, by Type, 2020-2025, 2026-2032 ($ millions) & (K Units)
Global Disposable Panties market segment percentages, by Type, 2024 (%)
Size M
Size L
Size XL
Others
Global Disposable Panties market, by Application, 2020-2025, 2026-2032 ($ Millions) & (K Units)
Global Disposable Panties market segment percentages, by Application, 2024 (%)
Woman
Man
Global Disposable Panties market, by region and country, 2020-2025, 2026-2032 ($ millions) & (K Units)
Global Disposable Panties market segment percentages, by region and country, 2024 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Disposable Panties revenues in global market, 2020-2025 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Disposable Panties revenues share in global market, 2024 (%)
Key companies Disposable Panties sales in global market, 2020-2025 (estimated), (K Units)
Key companies Disposable Panties sales share in global market, 2024 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Purcotton
Winner
Nudies Essentials
Watson
U by Kotex
Mannings
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Disposable Panties, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Disposable Panties market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Disposable Panties manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Disposable Panties in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global Disposable Panties capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Disposable Panties Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Segment by Type
1.2.2 Segment by Application
1.3 Global Disposable Panties Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Disposable Panties Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Disposable Panties Market Size: 2024 VS 2032
2.2 Global Disposable Panties Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2020-2032
2.3 Global Disposable Panties Sales: 2020-2032
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Disposable Panties Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Disposable Panties Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Disposable Panties Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Disposable Panties Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Disposable Panties Price by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Disposable Panties Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2024
3.7 Global Manufacturers Disposable Panties Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Disposable Panties Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Disposable Panties Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Disposable Panties Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Market Size Markets, 2024 & 2032
4.1.2 Size M
4.1.3 Size L
4.1.4 Size XL
4.1.5 Others
4.2 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2025
4.2.2 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, 2026-2032
4.2.3 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
4.3 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2025
4.3.2 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales, 2026-2032
4.3.3 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
4.4 Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2020-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Market Size, 2024 & 2032
5.1.2 Woman
5.1.3 Man
5.2 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2025
5.2.2 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, 2026-2032
5.2.3 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
5.3 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2025
5.3.2 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales, 2026-2032
5.3.3 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
5.4 Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2020-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Market Size, 2024 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2025
6.2.2 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, 2026-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
6.3 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2025
6.3.2 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales, 2026-2032
6.3.3 By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2032
6.4.2 By Country - North America Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2032
6.4.3 United States Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.4 Canada Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.5 Mexico Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2032
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2032
6.5.3 Germany Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.4 France Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.5 U.K. Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.6 Italy Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.7 Russia Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.9 Benelux Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2032
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2032
6.6.3 China Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.4 Japan Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.5 South Korea Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.7 India Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2032
6.7.2 By Country - South America Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2032
6.7.3 Brazil Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7.4 Argentina Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Revenue, 2020-2032
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Sales, 2020-2032
6.8.3 Turkey Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8.4 Israel Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8.6 UAE Disposable Panties Market Size, 2020-2032
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Purcotton
7.1.1 Purcotton Company Summary
7.1.2 Purcotton Business Overview
7.1.3 Purcotton Disposable Panties Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Purcotton Disposable Panties Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.1.5 Purcotton Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Winner
7.2.1 Winner Company Summary
7.2.2 Winner Business Overview
7.2.3 Winner Disposable Panties Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Winner Disposable Panties Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.2.5 Winner Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Nudies Essentials
7.3.1 Nudies Essentials Company Summary
7.3.2 Nudies Essentials Business Overview
7.3.3 Nudies Essentials Disposable Panties Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Nudies Essentials Disposable Panties Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.3.5 Nudies Essentials Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Watson
7.4.1 Watson Company Summary
7.4.2 Watson Business Overview
7.4.3 Watson Disposable Panties Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Watson Disposable Panties Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.4.5 Watson Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 U by Kotex
7.5.1 U by Kotex Company Summary
7.5.2 U by Kotex Business Overview
7.5.3 U by Kotex Disposable Panties Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 U by Kotex Disposable Panties Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.5.5 U by Kotex Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Mannings
7.6.1 Mannings Company Summary
7.6.2 Mannings Business Overview
7.6.3 Mannings Disposable Panties Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Mannings Disposable Panties Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.6.5 Mannings Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Disposable Panties Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Disposable Panties Production Capacity, 2020-2032
8.2 Disposable Panties Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Disposable Panties Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Disposable Panties Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Disposable Panties Industry Value Chain
10.2 Disposable Panties Upstream Market
10.3 Disposable Panties Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Disposable Panties Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Disposable Panties in Global Market
Table 2. Top Disposable Panties Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2024)
Table 3. Global Disposable Panties Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 4. Global Disposable Panties Revenue Share by Companies, 2020-2025
Table 5. Global Disposable Panties Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 6. Global Disposable Panties Sales Share by Companies, 2020-2025
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Disposable Panties Price (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Disposable Panties Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Disposable Panties Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2024 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Disposable Panties Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2024 and Market Share
Table 11. Segment by Type – Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 12. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 13. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 14. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 15. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 16. Segment by Application – Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 17. Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 18. Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 19. Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 20. Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 21. By Region – Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2032
Table 22. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 23. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 24. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 25. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 26. By Country - North America Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 27. By Country - North America Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 28. By Country - North America Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 29. By Country - North America Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 30. By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 31. By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 32. By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 33. By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 34. By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 35. By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 36. By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 37. By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 38. By Country - South America Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 39. By Country - South America Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 40. By Country - South America Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 41. By Country - South America Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 46. Purcotton Company Summary
Table 47. Purcotton Disposable Panties Product Offerings
Table 48. Purcotton Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 49. Purcotton Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Winner Company Summary
Table 51. Winner Disposable Panties Product Offerings
Table 52. Winner Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 53. Winner Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Nudies Essentials Company Summary
Table 55. Nudies Essentials Disposable Panties Product Offerings
Table 56. Nudies Essentials Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 57. Nudies Essentials Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Watson Company Summary
Table 59. Watson Disposable Panties Product Offerings
Table 60. Watson Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 61. Watson Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. U by Kotex Company Summary
Table 63. U by Kotex Disposable Panties Product Offerings
Table 64. U by Kotex Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 65. U by Kotex Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Mannings Company Summary
Table 67. Mannings Disposable Panties Product Offerings
Table 68. Mannings Disposable Panties Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 69. Mannings Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Disposable Panties Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2023-2025 (K Units)
Table 71. Global Disposable Panties Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2023-2025
Table 72. Global Disposable Panties Production by Region, 2020-2025 (K Units)
Table 73. Global Disposable Panties Production by Region, 2026-2032 (K Units)
Table 74. Disposable Panties Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 75. Disposable Panties Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 76. Disposable Panties Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 77. Disposable Panties Raw Materials
Table 78. Disposable Panties Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 79. Typical Disposable Panties Downstream
Table 80. Disposable Panties Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 81. Disposable Panties Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Disposable Panties Product Picture
Figure 2. Disposable Panties Segment by Type in 2024
Figure 3. Disposable Panties Segment by Application in 2024
Figure 4. Global Disposable Panties Market Overview: 2024
Figure 5. Key Caveats
Figure 6. Global Disposable Panties Market Size: 2024 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Global Disposable Panties Revenue: 2020-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 8. Disposable Panties Sales in Global Market: 2020-2032 (K Units)
Figure 9. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Disposable Panties Revenue in 2024
Figure 10. Segment by Type – Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Figure 11. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 12. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 13. Segment by Type - Global Disposable Panties Price (US$/Unit), 2020-2032
Figure 14. Segment by Application – Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Figure 15. Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 16. Segment by Application - Global Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 17. Segment by Application -Global Disposable Panties Price (US$/Unit), 2020-2032
Figure 18. By Region – Global Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025 & 2032
Figure 19. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2032
Figure 20. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 21. By Region - Global Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 22. By Country - North America Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 23. By Country - North America Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 24. United States Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 25. Canada Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 26. Mexico Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 28. By Country - Europe Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 29. Germany Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 30. France Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 31. U.K. Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 32. Italy Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 33. Russia Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 34. Nordic Countries Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 35. Benelux Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 37. By Region - Asia Disposable Panties Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 38. China Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 39. Japan Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 40. South Korea Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 41. Southeast Asia Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 42. India Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 43. By Country - South America Disposable Panties Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 44. By Country - South America Disposable Panties Sales, Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 45. Brazil Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 46. Argentina Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Revenue, Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 48. By Country - Middle East & Africa Disposable Panties Sales, Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 49. Turkey Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 50. Israel Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 51. Saudi Arabia Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 52. UAE Disposable Panties Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 53. Global Disposable Panties Production Capacity (K Units), 2020-2032
Figure 54. The Percentage of Production Disposable Panties by Region, 2024 VS 2032
Figure 55. Disposable Panties Industry Value Chain
Figure 56. Marketing Channels
