Report Overview:
Dripline is a form of irrigation that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of many different plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant. It is chosen instead of surface irrigation for various reasons, often including concern about minimizing evaporation.
The Global Dripline Market Size was estimated at USD 2647.65 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 3609.36 million by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.30% during the forecast period.
This report provides a deep insight into the global Dripline market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend, niche market, key market drivers and challenges, SWOT analysis, Porter?s five forces analysis, value chain analysis, etc.
The analysis helps the reader to shape the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. Furthermore, it provides a simple framework for evaluating and accessing the position of the business organization. The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Dripline Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Dripline market in any manner.
Global Dripline Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Company
NaanDanJain Irrigation
Toro
Rain Bird
Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd
Rivulis Irrigation
Netafim
Market Segmentation (by Type)
PC Dripline
Non-PC Dripline
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Farms
Commercial Greenhouses
Residential Gardeners
Others
Geographic Segmentation
? North America (USA, Canada, Mexico)
? Europe (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Rest of Europe)
? Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)
? South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of South America)
? The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA)
Key Benefits of This Market Research:
? Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study
? Neutral perspective on the market performance
? Recent industry trends and developments
? Competitive landscape & strategies of key players
? Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered
? Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value
? In-depth analysis of the Dripline Market
? Overview of the regional outlook of the Dripline Market:
Key Reasons to Buy this Report:
? Access to date statistics compiled by our researchers. These provide you with historical and forecast data, which is analyzed to tell you why your market is set to change
? This enables you to anticipate market changes to remain ahead of your competitors
? You will be able to copy data from the Excel spreadsheet straight into your marketing plans, business presentations, or other strategic documents
? The concise analysis, clear graph, and table format will enable you to pinpoint the information you require quickly
? Provision of market value (USD Billion) data for each segment and sub-segment
? Indicates the region and segment that is expected to witness the fastest growth as well as to dominate the market
? Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
? Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
? Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
? The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry concerning recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
? Includes in-depth analysis of the market from various perspectives through Porter?s five forces analysis
? Provides insight into the market through Value Chain
? Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
? 6-month post-sales analyst support
Customization of the Report
In case of any queries or customization requirements, please connect with our sales team, who will ensure that your requirements are met.
Note: this report may need to undergo a final check or review and this could take about 48 hours.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the statistical scope of the report, market division standards, and market research methods.
Chapter 2 is an executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the Dripline Market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3 makes a detailed analysis of the Market's Competitive Landscape of the market and provides the market share, capacity, output, price, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information of the main manufacturers in the market.
Chapter 4 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry, as well as Porter's five forces analysis.
Chapter 5 introduces the latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 6 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7 provides the analysis of various market segments according to application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world.
Chapter 9 introduces the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales revenue, sales volume, price, gross profit margin, market share, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 10 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next five years.
Chapter 11 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each market segment (product type and application) in the next five years.
Chapter 12 is the main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Dripline
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Dripline Segment by Type
1.2.2 Dripline Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Dripline Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Dripline Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.1.2 Global Dripline Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Dripline Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Dripline Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Dripline Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Dripline Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Dripline Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.5 Manufacturers Dripline Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Dripline Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Dripline Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Dripline Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Dripline Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Dripline Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Dripline Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Dripline Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Dripline Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.4 Global Dripline Price by Type (2019-2024)
7 Dripline Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Dripline Market Sales by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Dripline Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.4 Global Dripline Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 Dripline Market Segmentation by Region
8.1 Global Dripline Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Dripline Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Dripline Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Dripline Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Dripline Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Dripline Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Dripline Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Key Companies Profile
9.1 NaanDanJain Irrigation
9.1.1 NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline Basic Information
9.1.2 NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline Product Overview
9.1.3 NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline Product Market Performance
9.1.4 NaanDanJain Irrigation Business Overview
9.1.5 NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline SWOT Analysis
9.1.6 NaanDanJain Irrigation Recent Developments
9.2 Toro
9.2.1 Toro Dripline Basic Information
9.2.2 Toro Dripline Product Overview
9.2.3 Toro Dripline Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Toro Business Overview
9.2.5 Toro Dripline SWOT Analysis
9.2.6 Toro Recent Developments
9.3 Rain Bird
9.3.1 Rain Bird Dripline Basic Information
9.3.2 Rain Bird Dripline Product Overview
9.3.3 Rain Bird Dripline Product Market Performance
9.3.4 Rain Bird Dripline SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 Rain Bird Business Overview
9.3.6 Rain Bird Recent Developments
9.4 Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd
9.4.1 Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Dripline Basic Information
9.4.2 Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Dripline Product Overview
9.4.3 Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Dripline Product Market Performance
9.4.4 Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Business Overview
9.4.5 Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Recent Developments
9.5 Rivulis Irrigation
9.5.1 Rivulis Irrigation Dripline Basic Information
9.5.2 Rivulis Irrigation Dripline Product Overview
9.5.3 Rivulis Irrigation Dripline Product Market Performance
9.5.4 Rivulis Irrigation Business Overview
9.5.5 Rivulis Irrigation Recent Developments
9.6 Netafim
9.6.1 Netafim Dripline Basic Information
9.6.2 Netafim Dripline Product Overview
9.6.3 Netafim Dripline Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Netafim Business Overview
9.6.5 Netafim Recent Developments
10 Dripline Market Forecast by Region
10.1 Global Dripline Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Dripline Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Dripline Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Dripline Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Dripline Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Dripline by Country
11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Dripline Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Dripline by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.2 Global Dripline Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Dripline by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Dripline Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
11.2.1 Global Dripline Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application
11.2.2 Global Dripline Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 Conclusion and Key Findings
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Dripline Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Dripline Sales (Kilotons) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 7. Global Dripline Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Dripline Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Dripline as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Dripline Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Dripline Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Dripline Product Type
Table 13. Global Dripline Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Dripline
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Dripline Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Dripline Sales by Type (Kilotons)
Table 23. Global Dripline Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Dripline Sales (Kilotons) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Dripline Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 27. Global Dripline Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 28. Global Dripline Price (USD/Ton) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 29. Global Dripline Sales (Kilotons) by Application
Table 30. Global Dripline Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Dripline Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 32. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 33. Global Dripline Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Dripline Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 35. Global Dripline Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 36. Global Dripline Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 37. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 38. North America Dripline Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 39. Europe Dripline Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Dripline Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 41. South America Dripline Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Dripline Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Table 43. NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline Basic Information
Table 44. NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline Product Overview
Table 45. NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 46. NaanDanJain Irrigation Business Overview
Table 47. NaanDanJain Irrigation Dripline SWOT Analysis
Table 48. NaanDanJain Irrigation Recent Developments
Table 49. Toro Dripline Basic Information
Table 50. Toro Dripline Product Overview
Table 51. Toro Dripline Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 52. Toro Business Overview
Table 53. Toro Dripline SWOT Analysis
Table 54. Toro Recent Developments
Table 55. Rain Bird Dripline Basic Information
Table 56. Rain Bird Dripline Product Overview
Table 57. Rain Bird Dripline Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 58. Rain Bird Dripline SWOT Analysis
Table 59. Rain Bird Business Overview
Table 60. Rain Bird Recent Developments
Table 61. Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Dripline Basic Information
Table 62. Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Dripline Product Overview
Table 63. Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Dripline Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Business Overview
Table 65. Dayu Water Group Co., Ltd Recent Developments
Table 66. Rivulis Irrigation Dripline Basic Information
Table 67. Rivulis Irrigation Dripline Product Overview
Table 68. Rivulis Irrigation Dripline Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. Rivulis Irrigation Business Overview
Table 70. Rivulis Irrigation Recent Developments
Table 71. Netafim Dripline Basic Information
Table 72. Netafim Dripline Product Overview
Table 73. Netafim Dripline Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Netafim Business Overview
Table 75. Netafim Recent Developments
Table 76. Global Dripline Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 77. Global Dripline Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 78. North America Dripline Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 79. North America Dripline Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 80. Europe Dripline Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 81. Europe Dripline Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 82. Asia Pacific Dripline Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 83. Asia Pacific Dripline Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 84. South America Dripline Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 85. South America Dripline Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 86. Middle East and Africa Dripline Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Units)
Table 87. Middle East and Africa Dripline Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 88. Global Dripline Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 89. Global Dripline Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 90. Global Dripline Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Ton)
Table 91. Global Dripline Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Table 92. Global Dripline Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Dripline
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Dripline Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Dripline Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Global Dripline Sales (Kilotons) & (2019-2030)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Dripline Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Dripline Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Dripline Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Dripline Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Dripline Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Dripline Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Dripline Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Dripline by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Dripline by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Dripline by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Dripline by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Dripline Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 25. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Dripline Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 27. Global Dripline Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Dripline Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Global Dripline Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 30. North America Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 31. North America Dripline Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 33. Canada Dripline Sales (Kilotons) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 34. Mexico Dripline Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 35. Europe Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 36. Europe Dripline Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 38. France Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 39. U.K. Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 40. Italy Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 41. Russia Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Dripline Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 45. Japan Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 46. South Korea Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 47. India Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 49. South America Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 50. South America Dripline Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 52. Argentina Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 53. Columbia Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Dripline Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 57. UAE Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 58. Egypt Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 59. Nigeria Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 60. South Africa Dripline Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (Kilotons)
Figure 61. Global Dripline Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2030) & (Kilotons)
Figure 62. Global Dripline Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 63. Global Dripline Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 64. Global Dripline Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 65. Global Dripline Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 66. Global Dripline Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
